.\" Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*- .\" First parameter, NAME, should be all caps .\" Second parameter, SECTION, should be 1-8, maybe w/ subsection .\" other parameters are allowed: see man(7), man(1) .TH LINK-GRAMMAR 1 "April 23, 2006" .\" Please adjust this date whenever revising the manpage. .\" .\" Some roff macros, for reference: .\" .nh disable hyphenation .\" .hy enable hyphenation .\" .ad l left justify .\" .ad b justify to both left and right margins .\" .nf disable filling .\" .fi enable filling .\" .br insert line break .\" .sp insert n+1 empty lines .\" for manpage-specific macros, see man(7) .SH NAME grammar-parse \- parses natural language sentences .SH SYNOPSIS .B grammar-parse .RI [language] [\-pp pp_knowledge_file] [\-c constituent_knowledge_file] [\-a affix_file] [\-ppoff] [\-coff] [\-aoff] [\-batch] [\-] .SH DESCRIPTION .PP .\" TeX users may be more comfortable with the \fB\fP and .\" \fI\fP escape sequences to invode bold face and italics, .\" respectively. In Selator, D. and Temperly, D. "Parsing English with a Link Grammar" (1991), the authors defined a new formal grammatical system called a "link grammar". A sequence of words is in the language of a link grammar if there is a way to draw "links" between words in such a way that the local requirements of each word are satisfied, the links do not cross, and the words form a consistent connected graph. The authors encoded English grammar into such a system, and wrote \fBgrammar\-parse\fP to parse English using this grammar. .PP This package can be used for linguistic parsing for information retrieval or extraction from natural language documents. Abiword also uses it as a grammar checker. .SH OPTIONS .TP .B \-pp pp_knowledge_file .TP .B \-c constituent_knowledge_file .TP .B \-a affix_file .TP .B \-ppoff .TP .B \-coff .TP .B \-aoff .TP .B \-batch .TP .B \- \"Can special commands be commandline arguments? .SH USE .PP grammar\-parse, when invoked manually, will take control of the terminal; grammar\-parse will then attempt to analyze the grammar of all input, unless escaped with an exclamation mark, according to the dictionary file provided as an argument. If escaped, the input will be treated as a "special command"; "!help" lists all special commands available. .PP grammar\-parse depends on a grammar\-parse dictionary which contains lists of words and associated metadata about their grammatical properties in order to analyze sentences. A grammar\-parse dictionary provided by the authors of grammar\-parse is usually included with the grammar\-parse package, and can often be found somewhere in the /usr/share/grammar\-parse/ hierarchy. When this is the case, only the two\-letter language code needs to be specified on the command\-line. Alternatively, a user can provide their own dictionary as an argument, in which case the dictionary's directory should be specified. Hence, either of the commands .TP .B grammar\-parse en .TP .B grammar\-parse /usr/share/grammar\-parse/en will run grammar\-parse using the english dictionary included with the parser. .PP While in a grammar\-parse session, some example output could be: .PP .RS .B linkparser> Reading a man page is informative. .PP ++++Time 0.00 seconds (0.01 total) .PP Found 1 linkage (1 had no P.P. violations) Unique linkage, cost vector = (UNUSED=0 DIS=0 AND=0 LEN=12) +------------------------Xp-----------------------+ | +---------Ss*g---------+ | | +-------Os-------+ | | | | +----Ds----+ | | +----Wd---+ | +--AN--+ +---Pa---+ | | | | | | | | | .PP LEFT\-WALL reading.g a man.n page.n is.v informative.a . .RE .PP grammar\-parse can also be used non\-interactively, either through its API, or via the \-batch option. When used with the \-batch option, grammar\-parse passively receives input from standard input, and when the stream finishes, it then outputs its analysis. So one could construct an ad\-hoc grammar checker by piping text through grammar\-parse with a batch option, and seeing what sentences fail to parse as valid: .RS .B cat thesis.txt | grammar\-parse /usr/share/grammar\-parse/en/4.0.dict \-batch .RE .SH SEE ALSO .br Information on the shared\-library API and the link types used in the parse is avavailable from the authors' website at .B http://www.link.cs.cmu.edu/link/dict/index.html. .br Peer\-reviewed papers explaining grammar\-parse can be found at the same site at .B http://www.link.cs.cmu.edu/link/papers/index.html. .SH AUTHOR .nh grammar\-parse was written by Daniel Sleator , Davy Temperley , and John Lafferty .PP This manual page was written by Ken Bloom , for the Debian project (but may be used by others).